thanks for watching state of the union. i'm jim acosta. fareed zakaria starts right now. this is gps global public square. welcome to those of you in the united states and around the world. i'm fareed zakaria. we have a terrific show for you today. first up a tale of murder and intrigue involving a familiar villain. then i know you've heard this before but europe is facing a major crisis. no really. within a couple of weeks, the money runs out for greece.

what does that mean for euro europe and global economy? i have an all-star panel for you. also is freedom around the world in retreat? we have the numbers. then bill and melinda gates on their big bets for the future. their take on american education, how women are transforming the world and the next technological breakthroughs. think about a cloud that knows how you speak and write. and finally, mr. putin goes to cairo. you won't believe that he brings with him. but first here is my take. the deal announced thursday to end the fighting in ukraine will face the same obstacle the previous such agreement faced, how to ensure that russia will abide by it. frustrated by moscow's continued support for ukrainian

separatists, western statesmen have begun discussing military assistance for the ukrainian government. in trying to decide what would actually deter moscow it might be worth listening to what seems to scare russians themselves. it is not military aid to kiev. when asked recently about the possibility of so-called swift sanctions, which would bar russia from participating in the international payment system centered on the dollar premium medvedev learned moscow's response would be without limits. it's understandable why putin's closest associates are so rattled by the prospect of additional economic sanctions, the russian economy is in free fall. in a report released this week the international energy agency said that russia is facing a perfect storm of collapsing prices international sanctions and currency depreciation. the imf projects russia's economy will contract by 3% in

2015. putin needs strong oil revenues to maintain his power. from 2008 to 2009 when oil revenues did collapse during the global financial crisis the russian government increased its spending by a staggering 40%, or to preserve social stability. this according to the economists. on the other hand russia could easily handle continuing its military skirmishing in eastern ukraine. moscow's defense budget in 2014 was roughly 20 times that of kiev's according to figures published this week by the international institute for strategic studies. the argument against sanctions is that while they may rise for russia putin has shown he does not respond to higher costs in a rational calculating manner. but if that's the case then military aid for ukraine won't work either. no one believes that kiev can actually prevail in a military

contest with moscow. acknowledging the aid package will merely raise the cost for the kremlin in order to force it to then negotiate. in other words, the consensus is that the only possible strategy is to raise costs for russia. the disagreement is really about what kinds of costs vladimir putin finds most onerous. i think military aid to ukraine would stoke fires of russian nationalism, let putin wrap himself in military colors and defend his quote, unquote, fellow russians in an arena in which he will be able to ensure moscow prevails. for a regime that raged two birther and costly wars in chechnya far less central to the imagination than ukraine, loss of men and money in a military operation is not likely to be much of a deterrent. why would the west want to move from its area of enormous strength economic pressure to an area where it will be outgunned in every sense. if russia breaks this fragile

piece, then more sanctions should be considered. senator lindsey graham recently offered the most honest reason why some in washington are advocating military assistance. even though it doesn't seem likely to work it's a way of doing something in the face of russian aggression. >> i don't know how this ends if you give them defensive capability but i know this. i will feel better because when my nation was needed to stand up to the garbage and stand by freedom, i stood by freedom. >> the purpose of american foreign policy is not to make lindsey graham feel better it is to actually achieve american objectives on the ground. that means picking your battles and weapons carefully. for more go to cnn.com/fareed and read my "washington post" column. let's get started. ♪

♪ to understand what motivates vladimir putin, we decided to call in a man who once helped him get rich. he went from being russia's large eforeign investor to being blacklisted in that company. ceo of capital management he was once a support he have of president putin. that is until he was expelled from rush in 2005 after being considered a threat to national security. he writes about his experiences in his terrific new book 'n' red notice" a through story of high finance, murder and man's fight for justice. he joined me recently to tell me about what he learned about how the kremlin works. you begin the book with this incredible story. you're the largest investor in russia your fund has returned 1,500% managing $4.5 billion in

capital at a time when that was real money and you get to the airport and they put you on a plane and throw you out. what are you done that so pissed off the russians. >> i wasn't just a regular investor. i was what's commonly referred to now as a shareholder activist. i started out just buying shares of russian companies and i realized that the oligarchs and government officials were stealing all the profits out of these companies. so i thought the only way i could run a sort of moral and profitable business would be to try to stop it. basically research how they did the stealing and share it with the international media. for about four years this naming and shaming of russian companies actually worked because my interests coincided with putin. he was fighting with the same guys i was fighting with. the oligarchs were stealing power from him and money from us. every time i would publicize a scandal, putin would step in and fix it. so my profits went up the

company's profits went up. i was feeling like the best guy in the world. i was making money and doing good at the same time. >> then putin makes a deal with all these oligarchs and things changed here. >> he arrested the richest oligarch and said if you don't want to be arrested you need to share your money with them. he became a partner with them. at that point, i was not going after his enemies but his own financial interest. when i arrived at the airport in november 2005 after living it for 10 years, i was stopped at the vip lounge. i was taken down to the detention center of the airport, kept there 15 hours, deported and declared a threat to national security. what i didn't realize then and it's become absolutely plain and obvious to me now, based on my experience putin wasn't above it all, putin was intimately involved in it all. it wasn't like he was restraining oligarchs, he was the biggest oligarch.

everything he's done since then has come to prove that. >> do you think putin is about power or about money? >> well let's say the first eight or ten years of putin's reign over russia it was about stealing as much money as he could. some people including myself believe he's the richest man in the world or one of the richest in the world with hundreds of billions of dollars of wealth stolen in russia. it's changed, though it's mutated. >> you understand numbers. you understand the numbers of the russian companies. you really think putin is the richest man in the world? >> i really think that. i'm not saying that crazily. >> estimate his net worth? >> $200 billion. >> really? >> i believe it's $200 billion. after 14 years in power in russia and the amount of money that the country has made and the amount of money that hasn't been spent on schools and roads and hospitals and so on all that money is in property swiss bank accounts shares hedge funds managed for putin and his

cronies. >> it would explain why he has so much power. not the power of the army you worry about or the state. >> the power is simple in russia. whoever has the power to arrest people is the person in power. what putin does he has guys around him with the power to arrest people. doesn't matter how rich you are, if you can get arrested and take your money away, the guy who does that is in power in russia. >> the campaign launched every since the death of the guy who was looking after your accounts and the legal issues surrounding them. how duties people in the united states focused on this issue? >> my attorney sergei magnitsky, murdered in pretrial detention and they covered up his murder. what they did was so evil

heartbreaking and so well documented when i told the story to members of congress didn't matter if you were the most conservative republican or liberal democrat this was one thing everybody could agree on these people were bad. these guys killed sergei magnitsky for money. they all got rich bank accounts money, cars. why should we allow them to tlafl to america, keep their accounts here and spend that money. everyone says, yes, that's easy. it doesn't stop anything to keep them from doing that. this started snowballing. against the interest of the administration tathat that time wanted it passed. got the magnitksy passed. >> oil prices down sanctions, banks in trouble. how does this play out for putin? >> well there's zimbabwe north korea, runs russia truly into

the ground and stays in power. that could happen. there's also ukraine, georgia, kyrgyzstan. why are we allowing him to ruin everyone's life. makes small decisions, doesn't have to be big, sparks a million people on red square and they get arrived him. or it could be some members of the police decide let's get rid of him. we don't know. in the meantime while he's in power he's going to be running russia into the ground and causing the west a lot of problems. >> bill browder, good to have you on. up next greek and european officials are playing a game of chicken. who will blink. stay tuned for a fascinating conversation. dad: he's our broker. he helps looks after all our money. kid: do you pay him? dad: of course. kid: how much? dad: i don't know exactly. kid: what if you're not happy? does he have to pay you back? dad: nope. kid: why not? dad: it doesn't work that way.

kid: why not? vo: are you asking enough questions about the way your wealth is managed? wealth management at charles schwab

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talks over the greek debt crisis are down to the wire. greece's $240 billion euro bailout program is set to expire february 28th. how will this play out and what chain reaction could be triggered by a greek exit from the eurozone. to ponder this i'm joined by the newly appointed editor in chief of the economist. she's the first woman to run that magazine which is bizarrely called a newspaper, in it's 172 year history. joining her, "times" assistant manager for business and the u.s. managing he had kerr at the financial times. welcome all. zani explain to us very simply it feels as though it's the greeks versus europeans and they are playing a game of chicken. >> that's basically right. question whether they are playing chicken where they are both going towards the cliff or

towards each other. we've talked often about the euro prices. always felt like a huge crisis that never actually happened. this time it rain is going to the wire. greeks don't want to stay in the program. they want a bridge loan for something more akin to what they like a lot of debt relief different conditions. germans are saying basically no work within the constraints of what you have now. >> are greek reasonable? greeks only asking for what germans asked for in 1950. >> absolutely. they enjoyed debt relief. they are taking a turn towards the greek telling them to accept this austerity is not working well politically. germans keep arguing it makes good sense economic by lew that doesn't work well in the greek electorate. the question everyone should be asking is this europe's lehman

brothers moment? are we going to see a crisis cathartic and force them to work out long-term solution to their problems or a very nasty chain reaction that could be extremely bad for the economy. >> greeks or germans, whose to blame. >> greeks often come out as the bad guys but germans have their part to play as well. it's ironic they have benefited more than any other country as part of the eurozone part of their export economy. quantitative easing which they have protested against they will benefit from as well. it will make euro more competitive in the international market. >> mercedes benzes are cheap erer i don't think germans have done enough to create a consumption economy. ultimately there has to be an underlying political solution

can't be small step technocratic fixes. >> what's the solution. >> they have to become united states of europe. have to come together, integration fiscally more power with brufls and berlin holding purse strings. >> doing that not entirely you could use german money to build holiday camps and places like greece give vouchers to go and have holidays down in greece and spent money what you need to see. economically that would be most rational. >> in part europeans are falling into the trap. the way you set the question up who is to blame here. i think greeks blaming germans, germans blaming greeks. actually limited solution i agree with you there has to be a broader approach limited solution is relatively simple. the greeks have been asked to do too much belt tightening,

austerity. they have a lot of debt they can't repay, everyone knows they can't possibly repay. everyone knows they do need to reform their economy. the head wants to throw away all of the reforms. as one of my colleagues said they hit the ground running backwards. i think they are wrong in that germans wrong in demanding austerity and not thinking of the debt. there's a clear solution here. you commit to doing the right kind of reforms. in return you get a lower budget surface, not so much austerity and some debt relief. >> isn't there this larger point, steve ratner wrote a piece saying look you can do all the spending of money you want. most european economies, southern european economies are fundamentally uncompetitive. they have 2,700 pages of labor laws in italy. you can retire 50 years ahead, get a pension. making some of this stuff up but

no so far from the truth. >> certainly periphery has to reform. there needs to be a comfort zone they can reform. it's hard to say to a country you'll have 25% contractionion of gdp and not have revolutionary impulse. >> the irony greeks are doing this. the economy has hit bottom. it is beginning to grow. there's light at the he said of the tunnel. insanity just at the moment it appears they have got through the worst and getting better they are throwing baby out with the bath water. to me and to go back to your parallel with the lehman moment the interest question is would there be massive contagion if we left. it's not clear there would be. there might be. probably it's been so talked about they wouldn't necessarily be. >> at the end of the day you've got to make a choice. is a greek -- are the greeks or europeans going to blink?

>> i suspect that in the end of the day we'll have the typical european solution which will be -- i think an accident this time higher than i've seen them in a very long time. >> i'd agree budget most likely. what we are seeing tremors getting more frequent and closer together in terms of aftershocks. i agree definitely rising. >> i think eventually the germans are going to blink and realize they have gained more than anybody else but i think we'll have pain along the way. not fixed this time around definitively. >> one of you pointed out this is the charlie's angels of economic policy. >> charlie's angels. >> thank you very much. >> thank you. up next what percentage of the world enjoys freedom. how many are living with oppression. we have the answers coming up. when it comes to good nutrition...i'm no expert. that would be my daughter -- hi dad. she's a dietitian. and back when i wasn't eating right, she got me drinking boost. it's got a great taste and it helps give me the nutrition i was missing. helping me

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now for what in the world, fall of wall and events that followed were a time when freedom throughout the world seemed unstoppable. every time you turned on the

news you expected to see another company lifting the veil. nowadays the trend is actually moving in the opposite direction. recently the watchdog group freedom house released inciteful report on freedom and democracy around the world. it looked at 195 countries and 15 territories giving them numerical ratings, one being the most free seven being least free based on u.n.'s universal declaration of human rights. the group's conclusion democracy under a greater threat than anyone in the last 25 years. overall 40% of the world's population is free 24% is partly free and 36% is not free. maybe that doesn't sound so bad. but in fact freedom has been on the decline for nine straight years according to the report. in 2014 61 countries saw their freedom deteriorate since the year before compared to only 33

countries that saw freedom improve. that tally of countries gaining freedom was the lowest figure over the last decade. if you look at the 21st century overall, freedom has plateaued according to the report. the tally of electoral democracies in the world has also been stubbornly stagnant. what's the least free region in the world? the middle east and north africa where 85% of the population is not free. so much for the arab spring. the notable bright spot there is tunisia, which freedom has moved into the free column last year after it adopt add constitution and held successful elections. just five years ago, freedom house ranked tunisia among the most oppressive regions in the world. notwithstanding you a stock raise on the march, if you look beyond metrics, the nature is

changing. autocrats no longer paying lip service to democracy as they once did and returning to oppression. russia's crimea is most prominent, a boldface move that recalled world war ii. china is detaining activists under restrictive conditions rather than just house arrests. they are also televising people's confessions. in egypt, the military is in charge and the court sentenced hundreds of political prisoners to be executed in sham trials the report points out. and it says there are overlooked autocracies, azerbaijan ethiopia don't receive ire of free world despite oppression. of course the news isn't all bad. ukrainians rebelled against government and stood firm despite russia's power moves. we've seen resistance in hong kong. vladimir putin is in a tough

spot thanks to falling oil prices. still, we must face a sobering fact. at the end of the cold war, it seemed like freedom was an unstoppable wave. but every wave has an under tow. perhaps that's what we're witnessesing these days. up next bill and melinda gates on the future of technology health and the american education system when we come back. meet the world's newest energy superpower. surprised? in fact, america is now the world's number one natural gas producer... and we could soon become number one in oil. because hydraulic fracturing technology

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. bill gates is no stranger to taking risks. forty years ago he bet that personal computers and software would transform our lives. we all know how that worked out. so it's no surprise that he's made some more bets. in 2000 bill and his wife melinda started the bill and melinda gates foundation and they recently released an annual letter which makes some bold predictions for the future. let's start with how mobile technology is transforming lives and how they hope to revolutionize education right here in the united states. listen into my conversation with

bill and melinda gates whom i because the up recently at the world economic forum in davos, switzerland. bill let me ask you about mobile technology. it strikes me this is the next big wave that going to coarse through the world. i look at india where i grew up. most don't have access to internet. infrastructure is bad. people haven't run fibre optic kpabl. but when you get 4g and when you get cheap smart phones which are already happening, they are selling them for $30 you can imagine estimates in five to seven years 800 million indians will be connected to the internet up from 100 million. talk about this. how does it change in why is it important? >> that cell phone is enabling. today the cell phone doesn't give you banking and online

portions are not good enough they don't connect to what you need to learn. but in parallel over the 15 year period we'll be getting coverage op price down more gender equity in terms of who has those phones and the software online software will be flourishing. >> when you look at this issue, because a lot of the things you talk about in terms of empowering women is about giving them knowledge about markets, products prices. do you think this could be a game changer, this rise of cheap smart phones? >> absolutely. kenya has had mobile money a while and peso mobile money, 90% of households use it in kenya. it's a closed system but what women are talking about is the fact it's so cheap now. what they can do is save a dollar a day, $2 a day. if a woman goes into nairobi and

gets a job, ask for remittances back. tanzania 46% of households using mobile money, bangladesh going to scale in places like the philippines. for women that's transformative. >> when you look at this mobile space, what do you think, you know - what are the next things we should be watching? is it tablets? paint a picture of this new world. >> well the tech companies keep doing amazing work. today you kind of think of working on that one devise and then you have to think about switching to the other device. basically the cloud will know how to hear you speak, it will know your handwriting. so helping you remember things remind you of things tracking your schedule. there's some pretty unbelievable scenas arrios pervasive bring. >> melinda, what about education

and technology. where do you see its role in transforming education. >> today we predominantly focus on education in the united states. we feel like inequity is our education system. it is fundamentally broken. the fact that only a third of the kids who graduate high school are prepared to go onto college. you can't have a public education system like that and have a great democracy. the key thing in education is having access to a fantastic teacher. we know that a fantastic teacher gets more learning gains from the kids. what we're finding in the u.s. getting a great teacher in front of a kid, if you have digital tools that go along with that he or she can personalize the lesson. that really draws kids in. i think over time in developing world, if you're in a rural area and a good teacher up to fourth grade, you don't have access to great high school teach irrer in science, a motivated kid,

eventually you'll be able to get a lot of it online. that's when i think it will be more transformative in the rest of the world. it may be some fantastic professor in india, somebody that's a great professor in china or some teacher you hear about in the uk that's when you start to get kids motivated and learning together. >> you look at education, one can't help noticing so much of your educational opportunities depends on what zip code you are in because education is funded with local property taxes. then you have the growing inequality. is there anything to be done about it? >> it is why we focus on the u.s. education system because to tackle inequality you've got to make sure all kids are educated and educated well. in the u.s. i think there's some points of light. one of the nice things about the charter school movement is taking public funding and using less dollars than are spent in the normal public school and educating kids less expensive but a much higher quality of education. they are doing all kinds of

innovations in the charter schools. it gives us ideas and examples of what can be taken to the public schools. again, u.s. schools, how do you make sure you have a personnel system given it is a personnel system. how do you have a phenomenal teacher for every kid in the front of the classroom. we don't feel you can do that unless you have an open fair accurate evaluation system. >> so when you think about education and technology it seems to me that this has to be the hope that technology is going to have a huge transforming effect that will produce a much more productive system. as you know bill there's this debate among economists about whether technological inventions of the world we're living in are as significant as the ones from, say, 1880s, 1890s, somebody like peter teal the entrepreneur says we wanted flying cars. instead we got 140 characters

meaning twitter. but if technology could be used to transform education, and i would say health care that might provide for a kind of systemic transformation of the kind that we haven't seen for a long time. >> yeah i agree with that. but the fact that people can say they don't see the acceleration and innovation including on fundamental issues to me it takes almost a willful blindness. our understanding of biology and tools that can help and what that means for childhood death rate nutrition, we are finally beginning to understand nutrition and malnutrition. that unlocks so much potential. about 40% of the kids in africa simply don't have the diet to be fully physically or mentally developed. and it is strange you have the people who are afraid we're innovating too fast. and you have the people afraid we're not innovating. the truth is we're innovating at

a wonderful speed that in -- for the basic things we think everybody should get, we will be reducing that inequity far faster than ever before. so it's a far more positive picture than either the people who say it's coming too fast or too slow would point out. >> up next more from the gateses on the amazingly good news on the state of the world and why women should handle family finances. you won't want to miss it. daughter: do you and mom still have money with that broker? dad: yeah, 20 something years now. thinking about what you want to do with your money? daughter: looking at options. what do you guys pay in fees? dad: i don't know exactly. daughter: if you're not happy do they have to pay you back? dad: it doesn't really work that way. daughter: you sure? vo: are you asking enough questions about the way your wealth is managed? wealth management at charles schwab. grandpa bode, grandma said you used

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conversation with bill and melinda gates from davos, switzerland. >> the most remarkable trend of the last several years to me is that the number of people who live in poverty is almost down by half depending on how you measure it it's down 40% or 50%. and i don't think i've ever seen an adequate explanation of why did this happen. the key thing economists have a

hard time with is the innovation. up until the last 300 years or so basically no gdp growth. you think you get things like energy intensification, modern materials, eventually deepening of education, infrastructure that's where you start to see amazing economic growth. so there's really two reasons why those numbers are so great. one is the china piece of it which is a meaningful piece of it. what they did between 1989 and even today, every year there's a headline saying the chinese miracle will end because there's this imbalance or that imbalance. in fact yes, growth is lower than it was but still growth that we would love to have or the globe would love to have. >> a much higher base. the growth is slowing but off a much larger economy.

>> that's right. they are a middle income country now. everybody slows down once you get into that phase. the economic miracle really does extend outside of china. not only do we get economic growth basket of goods, fundamental basics have improved as well. what we predict, the wonderful thing of the fundamentals improving is going to accelerate in the next 15 years. >> why has it happened? have we gotten smarter how to eradicate poverty in the last 20 years. >> the ability not to soften agriculture sector to get the inputs latest seeds available, to educate the farmers. the information about when to plant, what the market prices are, all of those things are way easier to do now.

it's not something where we looked and said nobody ever did that before. the green revolution happened in india and pakistan in the late '60s and '70s. so none of those seeds were used in china until they did the reform. so those seeds were just sitting there for the 1990s. that's why chinese agriculture stuff goes up so fast. it's almost impossible. the inputs were so out of date. >> so melinda, the other piece of this was health. in general, as you say, it's not just that we've gotten less poor i prefer that to say richer living on $1 to $2 a day. their lives have gotten better. most importantly, the health care has gotten better. so you make a prediction about cutting the number of children who die before the age of five and it's astonishing it used to be one out of every ten children died before they hit five years

of age. you're hoping it will be one in twenty. >> right. >> why do you think health has improved so much? again, is it that we've gotten smarter about what to do? >> it's basically looking at the biggest childhood killers and tackling those. the vaccines we take for granted united states and uk and other places in the world, those absolutely save lives. we are getting those out and starting to get them out at scale in the developing world. so what used to take us in the developed world 20 or 25 years to get a vaccine that came out in the u.s. and uk out to a place in africa that lag time is being cut down to between one and three years and they have the right strains. for about $30 you can buy a basic set of vaccines for kids. that's why we're seeing out out of ten kids are getting vaccines and that is saving lives. >> do you accept what in has now become a kind of received wisdom that if you give money in the

form of aid to women, it is a much better use of the money. basically a simple way to put it if you give the money to the man, he will go to the local tavern. if you give the money to the woman, she will put it into her child's education. >> the research suggests every marginal dollar a woman gets in her hand she's 90% likely to plow it back into her family. my sense is that if you empower that woman, you're empowering everybody else. quite frankly education is absolutely fundamental in this. so we know that if she's educated she's likely to marry later. she's likely to have children later. for a literal woman, her child is 50% more likely to make it to their fifth birthday. if she's educated she's twice as likely to educate her daughter. that has profound effects for the family community, whole societies and whole geographies.

it's why we start to talk about if you can get labor force participation of women, raise gdps in africa or india by 10%. to me the gdp piece is absolutely fundamental. >> thank you melinda and bill gates. thank you all. pleasure. next on "gps," mr. putin goes to cairo bearing an unusual gift. we'll tell you when we come back. there's nothing more romantic than a spontaneous moment. so why pause to take a pill? and why stop what you're doing to find a bathroom?

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praef vladimir putin was quite the globetrotter this week. before meeting with france germany, ukraine in mincek he met with el-sisi. brings me to my question what gift did president putin give to his gepgs counterpart, caviar a rifle, nesting dolls or faberge egg. stay tuned, we'll give you the answer. this week's book, "a path appears." this is an amazing book that could change your life. if you ever wonder how you could do something to make the world a better place, this book explains

ten minutes, $40, a couple of hours of volunteering can all make a huge difference. it's a book filled with great stories and powerful lessons. make your kids read this book. i intend to make mine. now for the last look. the formal photos and dit mabt discussions putin took place in could not have looked more different than celebration and fanfare that welcomed him to cairo. banners fess tooned with his smiling face hung throughout the streets. a state run newspaper showing some of his most macho photographs called him, quote, the hero of our time. the presidents dined together and took in a show at the opera house where a documentary played highlighting history of russian-egyptian relation. there was one missed beat. following a gun salute an egyptian orchestra played russian anthem for the president. take a listen to what the russian anthem is supposed to sound like.

♪ ♪ >> now listen to the version putin endured. many called the rendition twinge worthy or worse. the anthem may have fallen flat but throughout the visit putin and sisi were in perfect harmony. undertones were clear, putin showed the world he had friends outside the west showing egypt would help russia build its first nuclear power plant. welcome to middle east. the challenge question b, nothing says true friendship like an assault rifle. this won't be the only weapon to arrive in egypt, of course according to news agencies there have been discussions of $3.5

billion arms deal between moscow and cairo including fighter jets and air defense systems. it is an apt gift. thanks to all of you for being part of my program this week. i'll see you next week. a shock to the system. let's think about it. on monday a familiar face went missing. brian williams absent from "nbc nightly news," america's most watched nightly newscast of on tuesday williams was suspended without pay for six months with no guarantee he will ever return to the chair. that same night jon stewart announced he will sign off for "the daily show," which he's been anchoring for longer than williams has been anchoring "nightly news."